Brand: CLIK ® PLUS Spray-on for Sheep
Company: ELANCO (NOVARTIS AH)
FORMULATION: «spray-on» for topical administration off-shears.
- dicyclanil 50 g/L (= 5%)
- diflubenzuron 15 g/L (=1.5%)
CHEMICAL CLASS of the active ingredient(s):
- dicyclanil: insect growth regulator (= IGR, cyanopyrimidine)
- diflubenzuron: insect growth regulator (= IGR, benzoylphenyl urea)
INDICATIONS: SHEEP
PARASITES CONTROLLED* (spectrum of activity)
* Country-specific differences may apply: read the product label.
- Prevention against blowfly strike on sheep against fly strike (Lucilia cuprina) for 18 to 24 weeks.
- Controls & treats diflubenzuron-susceptible body lice, including those resistant to synthetic pyrethroids. Protects sheep against re-infestation with diflubenzuron-susceptible body lice for up to 10 weeks after treatment
RECOMMENDED DOSE*
* Can be slightly different in some countries: read the product label!
Use recommendations (Australia):
Sheep weight (kg) | Dose rate (mL) | Vol.per treatment band (mL) | Number of bands |
For the prevention of body & crutch strike; for the control & treatment of body lice |
|||
<11 | 12 | 6 | 2 |
11-20 | 21 | 7 | 3 |
21 - 30 | 24 | 8 | 3 |
31 - 50 | 30 | 10 | 3 |
51 - 65 | 36 | 12 | 3 |
66 - 75 | 39 | 13 | 3 |
>75 | add 6 mL/10 kg | 3 |
Read the product label for further details on dosing and administration.
SAFETY
- LD50 (acute oral) in rats: Dicyclanil a.i. 520 mg/kg; Diflubenzuron 4640 mg/kg (source. MSDS)
- LD50 (acute dermal) in rats: >5000 mg/kg (source: MSDS)
- Estimated hazard class according to the WHO classification of pesticides:
- dicyclanil: not listed
- diflubenzuron: U, unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use, at the concentration in this product.
Suspected poisoning? Read the article on dicyclanil safety in this site.
Withholding periods (=withdrawal times) for meat, milk & shearing (country-specific differences may apply: read the product label)
- Meat: Australia 21 days (ESI 70).
- Milk for human consumption: Australia - DO NOT USE on lactating sheep producing milk or milk products that may be used for human consumption, or within 70 days of lambing.
- Shearing: Australia 6 months.
You may be interested in the following articles in this site dealing with the general safety of veterinary products:
- Safety for humans
- Safety for domestic animals
- Safety for the environment
- Hazard classifications of pesticides
RESISTANCE PREVENTION
Risk of resistance in BLOWFLY STRIKE?: YES but rather low, mainly in Australia.
- It has been shown that houseflies & blowflies resistant to cyromazine (another IGR vastly used for blowfly strike prevention) have some degree of cross-resistance to dicyclanil. However, resistance of blowflies to cyromazine is still quite unusual. It has been reported for Lucilia cuprina in a few locations in Australia, but so far not in the UK, other EU countries, South Africa or New Zealand. In those cases of cyromazine field resistance reported in Australia resistance factors were very low (about 2.3 for cyromazine, 1.3x for dicyclanil) and the concerned products were still providing protection according to registered label claims.
- The diflubenzuron in the formulation may have a preventative effect on blowfly strike, but resistance of Lucilia cuprina to diflubenzuron and other benzoylphenyl ureas is widespread in Australia. For this compounds benzoylphenyl ureas are no more approved for blowfly strike prevention in Australia.
Alternative chemical classes/active ingredients for product rotation to prevent resistance of blowflies to dicyclanil:
- Synthetic pyrethroids (e.g. α-cypermethrin). Short protection periods.
- Macrocyclic lactones (mainly ivermectin)
- Spinosad. Short protection periods
Risk of resistance in BODY LICE?: YES but rather low, mainly in Australia.
- Resistance of body lice Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis to diflubenzuron and other benzoylphenyl ureas has been reported in Australia and it must be expected to increase. For this reason efficacy of this product against sheep body lice may not achieve the label claims. Resistance of sheep body lice to synthetic pyrethroids is also high and widespread in Australia. For this reason compounds of this chemical class are no more approved for lice control in Australia.
- Dicyclanil has no effect whatsoever on sheep body lice.
Alternative chemical classes/active ingredients for product rotation to prevent resistance of body lice to diflubenzuron:
- Macrocyclic lactones (mainly ivermectin)
- Neonicotinoids (e.g. imidacloprid). No efficacy against blowfly strike.
- Spinosad. Short protection periods.
These alternative products may not be available in all countries, or may not be available as spray-ons/pour-ons.
Learn more about resistance and how it develops.
MARKETING
Are the active ingredients of this product ORIGINAL* or GENERICS**?
- GENERICS
*Meaning that they are still patent protected and generics are not yet available
**Meaning that they have lost patent protection and may be acquired from manufacturers of generic active ingredients other than the holder of the original patent.
COUNTRIES where this brand/product is marketed: Australia
GENERIC BRANDS available? YES, for each active ingredient, but so far not for the mixture.
Click here to learn more about GENERIC vs. ORIGINAL drugs.
For an overview on the most used antiparasitic pour-on brands click here.
COMMENTS
CLIK PLUS Spray-on for sheep is the last brand in the dicyclanil product line of NOVARTIS (now ELANCO), developed for producers that require simultaneous control of fly strike and body lice. Compared with CLIK, the original and first NOVARTIS dicyclanil product, CLIK PLUS is only approved for use off-shears, whereas CLIK is approved for any wool length.
Diflubenzuron is a veteran, broad-spectrum insect development inhibitor, the first benzoylphenyl urea discovered already in the 1970s (by PHILIPS-DUPHAR). It is scarcely used in livestock and agriculture, but not in pets. It was introduced for use as a lousicide on sheep in Australia only in the 1990's (under the TM FLEECARE from HOECHST), when lice developed high resistance to synthetic pyrethroids, which lost approval for lice control. Diflubenzuron and other benzoylphenyl ureas subsequently conquered the sheep body lice market very quickly in Australia after resistance to synthetic pyrethroids exploded and organophosphates that still worked well were progressively withdrawn for safety reasons.
Dicyclanil is another insect development inhibitor introduced in the 1990s (by NOVARTIS, now ELANCO). It has a very narrow spectrum of activity very specific gaints dipteran larvae. So far it is exclusively used in sheep, and not at all in other livestock, pets or agriculture.
In some countries NOVARTIS (now ELANCO) introduced also CLIKZIN, a light version of CLIK, i.e. a less concentrated dicyclanil formulation useful when shorter protection periods are required.
DISCLAIMER
This article IS NOT A PRODUCT LABEL. It offers complementary information that may be useful to veterinary professionals and users that are not familiar with veterinary antiparasitics.
Information offered in this article has been extracted from publications issued by manufacturers, government agencies (e.g. EMEA, FDA, USDA, etc.) or in the scientific literature. No guarantee is given on its accuracy, integrity, sufficiency, actuality and opportunity, and any liability is denied. Read the site's DISCLAIMER.
In case of doubt contact the manufacturer or a veterinary professional.