Brand: CROVECT 1.25% w/v Pour-on = YOUNG'S VECTOR
Company: ELANCO (NOVARTIS)
FORMULATION: «pour-on» for topical administration.
ACTIVE INGREDIENT(S): cypermethrin: 1.25% = 12.5 g/L
CHEMICAL CLASS of the active ingredient(s): synthetic pyrethroids
INDICATIONS: SHEEP
PARASITES CONTROLLED* (spectrum of activity)
* Country-specific differences may apply: read the product label.
- Head flies, ticks, biting lice, blowfly strike
RECOMMENDED DOSE*
* Country-specific differences may apply: read the product label.
- Lice:
- 5 mL per 20 kg bodyweight, up to a maximum of 20 mL.
- Apply as a pin stream from the shoulders to the rump along the middle of the backline.
- Sheep may be treated off-shears or anytime during the year.
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Adult sheep and lambs over 10 kg – 10 mL per 20 kg bodyweight, up to a maximum of 40 mL. One treatment will give 10 weeks cover.
- Lambs under 10 kg – 5 mL followed 3 weeks later by a 10 mL application.
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Apply as a pin stream from the crown of the head to the top of the rump.
- Head flies:
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5 mL per animal irrespective of size. Apply to the top of the head between the ears, using the T-bar nozzle.Take care not to apply the product in the sheep's eyes.
-
One application of Crovect before the start of the headfly season will give up to 4 weeks protection. Re-treat as required.
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- Blowfly strike:
- Prevention
- ≤ 25 kg - 20 mL (Do not administer to animals of less than 12.5kg bodyweight at the blowfly prevention dose).
- 25-40 kg - 30 mL
- > 40 kg - 40 mL
- Apply as a fan-spray to the surface of the fleece on the back and hindquarters of the sheep using a recommended Crovect applicator gun fitted with a fan spray nozzle. Half the dose should be applied on the shoulders, back and flanks and half to the rump. The distance between the nozzle and the fleece should be approximately 20 cm. Each dose will require 2 or 3 sweeps to apply. THE PRODUCT WILL PREVENT BLOWFLY STRIKE ONLY ON AREAS COVERED BY SPRAY. One application will give 6–8 weeks protection. Re-treat as required.
- ≤ 25 kg - 20 mL (Do not administer to animals of less than 12.5kg bodyweight at the blowfly prevention dose).
- Treatment
- Apply directly to all the affected parts at the rate of 2.5 ml per 100–150 cm2 (roughly the size of a hand). The T-bar nozzle should be used. Most strikes will require 5–10 ml. Ensure that all affected parts are treated. A single application is sufficient to ensure that larvae are expelled and killed within a few hours.
- Prevention
SAFETY
- LD50 (acute oral) in rats: 250 - 4150 mg/kg for the a.i., depending on the carrier.
- LD50 (acute dermal) in rats: 4150 mg/kg for the a.i.
- Estimated hazard class according to the WHO: U, unlikely to present acute hazard.
Suspected poisoning? Read the article on cypermethrin safety in this site.
Withholding periods (=withdrawal times) in days for meat & milk (country-specific differences may apply: read the product label)
- Meat: 8 days
- Milk for human consumption: Not to be administered to animals producing milk for human consumption.
WARNING !!!: Never use on humans, dogs or cats. Synthetic pyrethroids are toxic to cats!
2nd-generation synthetic pyrethroids (e.g. cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, etc.) are irritant to the eyes and the skin, both of humans and livestock. The inert ingredients in the formulation may worsen this side effect. Irritation is usually weaker in sheep than in cattle.
You may be interested in the following articles in this site dealing with the general safety of veterinary products:
- Safety for humans
- Safety for domestic animals
- Safety for the environment
- Hazard classifications of pesticides
RESISTANCE PREVENTION
Risk of resistance? YES, moderate. Biting lice developed high resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Australia and New Zealand in the 1990s. In Australia they were eventually withdrawn from the market for biting lice control on sheep. Several cases have been reported in the UK as well, but so far it seems to remain a limited problem. Nevertheless it is a warning, and the more synthetic pyrethroids are used against biting lice, the higher the risk for resistance to develop.
This also means that if this product does not achieve the expected efficacy against the mentioned parasites, it can be due to resistance and not to incorrect use, which is usually the most frequent cause of product failure.
Alternative chemical classes/active ingredients to prevent resistance development by lice through product rotation:
- Macrocyclic lactones (e.g. doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, moxidectin, etc.) only as pour-ons. Injectables and drenches are ineffective against most external parasites.
- Organophosphates (e.g. diazinon)
These alternative products may not be available in all countries, or may not be available as pour-ons, or may not be effective against all the concerned parasites.
Learn more about resistance and how it develops.
MARKETING
Are the active ingredients of this product ORIGINAL* or GENERICS**?
- GENERICS
*Meaning that they are still patent protected and generics are not yet available
**Meaning that they have lost patent protection and may be acquired from manufacturers of generic active ingredients other than the holder of the original patent.
COUNTRIES where this brand/product is marketed: UK, Ireland (marketed as YOUNG'S VECTOR) & other EU countries
GENERIC BRANDS available? YES, abundant in the EU and Australia.
Click here to learn more about GENERIC vs. ORIGINAL drugs.
For an overview on the most used antiparasitic pour-on brands click here.
COMMENTS
CROVECT 1.25% w/v Pour-on Solution for sheep from NOVARTIS (now ELANCO) is one of the numerous insecticidal pour-ons for cattle, sheep and other livestock containing synthetic pyrethroids for the control of flies, lice, mites, ticks and other external parasites. Worldwide there are hundreds if not thousands of such pour-ons. Besides cypermethrin, numerous other synthetic pyrethroids are used in such pour-ons, e.g. cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, etc. They all have a similar spectrum of activity and a comparable safety profile.
Cypermethrin is one of several Type-II synthetic pyrethroids introduced in the 1970s (by ICI & SHELL). Worldwide it is massively used in veterinary products as well as in agricultural and hygiene pesticides. It has a broad spectrum of efficacy against most common external parasites of livestock (flies, lice, mites, ticks, etc).
All synthetic pyrethroids are veteran pesticides developed in the 1970s-1980s and are basically contact insecticides. This means that when the parasite comes in contact with it (e.g., during the blood meal, after landing on a treated host, etc), the active ingredient that impregnates the host's hair coat penetrates through the cuticle of the parasite (the "skin" of insects and other arthropods) into its organism and disturbs essential biological processes in the parasite's body, in this case its nervous system.
After administration to livestock or other animals, synthetic pyrethroids do not have a systemic mode of action, i.e. they are not transmitted to the parasite through the blood or the host. Topically administered synthetic pyrethroids are very poorly absorbed through the skin of the hosts, and what is absorbed is quickly broken down and/or excreted. Consequently the concentration reached in the blood is too low to kill blood-sucking parasites. But this is why they are considered rather safe for mammals, both humans and livestock (cats are an exception: pyrethroids are toxic to them!) and why they leave rather low residues in meat and milk.
All pour-ons containing contact insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids have the same weakness: they are applied on the back of the animal and spread more or less quickly along the hair coat to other parts of the body, but coverage is usually not homogeneous and some parts of the body are not or only poorly reached. How fast and complete the spreading is depends on a lot of factors (e.g. distance to the delivery point, rain, animal behavior such as grooming, licking, rubbing, etc.) but also on the inert ingredients in the formulation, which may or may not favor spreading. In any case, compared with the backline the concentration of the active ingredient will be significantly lower in body parts that are difficult to reach (e.g. udders, perineum, below the tail, inside the ears, etc), where some parasites may survive because the concentration is not high enough to kill them.
It is useful to know that the active ingredients of many synthetic pyrethroids consist in a mixture of various optical isomers, typically those called "cis", and those called "trans". Cypermethrin has 8 isomers, 4 cis and 4 trans. Manufacturers of active ingredients usually supply the raw material in standard qualities, for cypermethrin typically e.g. in a 40/60 or 80/20 cis/trans ratio. Alpha-cypermethrin is a mixture of only 2 cis isomers. It happens that the efficacy against parasites and the mammalian toxicity of these isomers are significantly different. Typically cis isomers are more effective insecticides but also more toxic to mammals. Obviously a cis/trans 80/20 mixture is more potent than a cis/trans 40/60 mixture. Qualities with a higher cis content are usually also more expensive. And the higher the percentage of the most active isomer, the lower the rate that is required for achieving the same efficacy. If a manufacturer does not disclose the cis/trans ratio of the active ingredient used in its products it may be confusing because he may be selling the "same" product as another manufacturer, but the use recommendations are different.
DISCLAIMER
This article IS NOT A PRODUCT LABEL. It offers complementary information that may be useful to veterinary professionals and users that are not familiar with veterinary antiparasitics.
Information offered in this article has been extracted from publications issued by manufacturers, government agencies (e.g. EMEA, FDA, USDA, etc.) or in the scientific literature. No guarantee is given on its accuracy, integrity, sufficiency, actuality and opportunity, and any liability is denied. Read the site's DISCLAIMER.
In case of doubt contact the manufacturer or a veterinary professional.