Brand: CYDECTIN ® TRICLAMOX
Company: ZOETIS
FORMULATION: «drench» for oral administration.
- Moxidectin: 1 mg/mL (=0.1%)
- Triclabendazole: 50 mg/mL (=5%)
CHEMICAL CLASS of the active ingredient(s):
- Moxidectin: macrocyclic lactone
- Triclabendazole: benzimidazole
INDICATIONS: SHEEP
PARASITES CONTROLLED (spectrum of activity)
- Roundworms:
- Gastrointestinal roundworms (adult and 4th-stage larvae): Ostertagia = Teladorsagia circumcincta (incl. inhibited larvae), O. trifurcata, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus filicollis, Cooperia curticei, Cooperia oncophora, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Chabertia ovina, Trichuris ovis.
- Lungworms: of Dictyocaulus filaria.
- Gastrointestinal roundworms (adult and 4th-stage larvae): Ostertagia = Teladorsagia circumcincta (incl. inhibited larvae), O. trifurcata, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus filicollis, Cooperia curticei, Cooperia oncophora, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Chabertia ovina, Trichuris ovis.
- Flukes: liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) mature & all immature stages
RECOMMENDED DOSE
- 1 ml product/5 kg bw, equivalent to: moxidectin 0.2 mg/kg bw, and triclabendazole 10 mg/kg bw
- Read the product label for further details on dosing.
SAFETY
- LD50 (acute oral) in rats:
- moxidectin: a.i. 106 mg/kg
- triclabendazole: a.i. >4000 mg/kg
- LD50 (acute dermal) in rats:
- moxidectin: a.i. >2000 mg/kg
- triclabendazole: a.i. >4000 mg/kg
- Estimated hazard class according to the WHO: not applicable for veterinary medicines
Suspected poisoning? Read the articles on moxidectin safety and/or triclabendazole safety in this site.
Withholding periods (=withdrawal times) in days for meat & milk (country-specific differences may apply: read the product label)
- Meat: UK 31 days
- Milk for human consumption: not authorised for use in ewes producing milk intended for human consumption including during the dry period. Do not use within 1 year prior to the first lambing in ewes intended to produce milk for human consumption.
WARNING !!!: Never use on humans, dogs or cats
You may be interested in the following articles in this site dealing with the general safety of veterinary products:
- Safety for humans
- Safety for domestic animals
- Safety for the environment
- Hazard classifications of pesticides
RESISTANCE PREVENTION
Risk of resistance of gastrointestinal roundworms to macrocyclic lactones (incl. moxidectin): YES, resistance in ruminants is a very serious and increasing problem worldwide, particularly in sheep and goats. The most affected worm species are: Haemonchus spp, Ostertagia spp /Teladorsagia spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus spp, Chabertia ovina.
Resistance of gastrointestinal roundworms to macrocyclic lactones in sheep, goats has been reported in numerous countries. Most cases have been reported for ivermectin, and moxidectin often works well initially against ivermectin-resistant worms. But if moxidectin use continues, gastrointestinal roundworms will become resistant to it rather quickly. Based on the very abundant and frequent use of ivermectin and other macrocyclic lactones in livestock (with more-or-less cross-resistance to ivermectin) it must be assumed that resistance of gastrointestinal roundworms to this chemical class will continue spreading and strengthening in the future.
Alternative chemical classes/active ingredients to prevent resistance of gastrointestinal roundworms through product rotation:
- Benzimidazoles, e.g. albendazole, febantel, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, etc. Similar or even worse resistance problems than ivermectin.
- Derquantel: available so far only for sheep in combination with abamectin.
- Imidazothiazoles, mainly levamisole. etc. Similar or even worse resistance problems than ivermectin.
- Monepantel: available only for sheep & goats in some countries (e.g. Australia, UK & EU, New Zealand). First cases of resistance reported in New Zealand in 2013.
- Nitroxinil (limited spectrum of activity)
- Tetrahydropyrimidines, e.g. morantel, pyrantel (limited spectrum of activity)
- Salicylanilides, e.g. closantel (limited spectrum of activity)
Risk of resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole: YES. Resistance of liver flukes to triclabendazole (and albendazole) in sheep was already discovered in the mid 1990's in Australia. Since then it has been reported in several other countries (e.g. New Zealand, UK, Ireland, Spain, Argentina), also in cattle (e.g. Australia, The Netherlands, Argentina). However, the incidence so far is not that serious as for roundworm resistance to benzimidazoles and other nematicides. Nevertheless, in certain regions products with triclabendazole may not protect livestock adequately against liver flukes.
Alternative chemical classes/active ingredients to prevent resistance of liver flukes through product rotation:
- Closantel (salicylanilide): In sheep effective only against ≥8 weeks old liver flukes.
- Clorsulon: In sheep effective only against ≥8 weeks old liver flukes.
- Nitroxinil: In sheep effective only against ≥8 weeks old liver flukes.
- Oxyclozanide (salicylanilide): In sheep effective only against ≥12 weeks old liver flukes.
- Rafoxanide (salicylanilide): In sheep effective only against ≥6 weeks old liver flukes.
These alternative products may not be available in all countries, or may not be available as drenches.
This means that if this product does not achieve the expected efficacy against the mentioned parasites, it may be due to resistance and not to incorrect use, which is usually the most frequent cause of product failure.
Learn more about resistance and how it develops.
MARKETING
Are the active ingredients of this product ORIGINAL* or GENERICS**?
- GENERICS
*Meaning that they are still patent protected and generics are not yet available
**Meaning that they have lost patent protection and may be acquired from manufacturers of generic active ingredients other than the holder of the original patent.
COUNTRIES where this brand/product is marketed: UK and other EU countries
GENERIC BRANDS available? Yes a few ones, perhaps not with the same composition.
Click here to learn more about GENERIC vs. ORIGINAL drugs.
For an overview on the most used antiparasitic pour-on brands click here.
COMMENTS
CYDECTIN TRICLAMOX Oral Suspension for Sheep from ZOETIS is a combination of moxidectin (mainly nematicide) with generic triclabendazole (only flukicide).
Moxidectin is a veteran macrocyclic lactone introduced in the 1990s (by AMERICAN CYANAMID). It is generally considered as more potent than ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock, particularly in sheep and goats, and against a few other livestock pests (e.g. sheep scab, cattle ticks, etc.), although the drench formulation is not effective against most external parasites. It is also less toxic than ivermectin, which makes it possible to use it at higher rates, particularly in long-acting formulations. As all macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin used alone is ineffective against tapeworms and flukes, regardless of the delivery form. It is moderately used in livestock, horses and pets. It is not used in agriculture.
Triclabendazole is a narrow-spectrum benzimidazole introduced in the 1970s (by CIBA-GEIGY). It has no efficacy against roundworms or tapeworms. However it was and remains the only flukicide effective against adults as well as all immature stages of liver flukes, which are the most damaging stages due to their destructive migration through the liver tissues. For this reason it has been for decades and still remains the most widely used livestock flukicide worldwide. It is ineffectivy against any external parasites (ticks, flies, lice, mites, etc) of livestock. It is abundantly used in ruminants, but not in other livestock, horses or pets. It is also used in human medicines. It is not used in agriculture.
Because it is effective against all stages of immature flukes, triclabendazole is appropriate for treating acute fascioliasis caused my massive infections with fluke larvae migrating through the liver.
As all benzimidazoles (and many other anthelmintics such as levamisole, monepantel, and tetrahydropyrimidines), triclabendazole administered as a drench has no residual effect, i.e. it kills the parasites shortly after administration, but does not significantly protect the animals against re-infestation by infective stages in their environment.
The combination of moxidectin and triclabendazole makes sense because it extends the spectrum of activity of both active ingredients.
In ruminants, reducing the amount of feed slows down the exit flow of the rumen and prolongs the time during which the active ingredient remains there and is absorbed. Consequently it is advisable to reduce the access of animals to feed (especially to fresh pasture, not to water) 24 hours before administration. For the same reason, it is better to keep the animals away from food for about 6 hours after drenching. However sick or weak animals should not be kept away from food and fasting animals should have access to water.
Click here for general information on good practices for the prevention and control of gastrointestinal worms in livestock.
DISCLAIMER
This article IS NOT A PRODUCT LABEL. It offers complementary information that may be useful to veterinary professionals and users that are not familiar with veterinary antiparasitics.
Information offered in this article has been extracted from publications issued by manufacturers, government agencies (e.g. EMEA, FDA, USDA, etc.) or in the scientific literature. No guarantee is given on its accuracy, integrity, sufficiency, actuality and opportunity, and any liability is denied. Read the site's DISCLAIMER.
In case of doubt contact the manufacturer or a veterinary professional.