KILVERM SHEEP & CATTLE WORMER (Drench) - VETSENSE - levamisole (hydrochloride) 1.4% - imidazothiazole

Brand: KILVERM SHEEP & CATTLE WORMER

Company: VETSENSE

DELIVERY FORM: «drench» for oral administration.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT(S): levamisole (hydrochloride): 14 g/L (= 1.4%, equivalent to 16.5 g/L levamisole hydrochloride)

CHEMICAL CLASS of the active ingredient(s): imidazothiazole

INDICATIONS: SHEEP & CATTLE

PARASITES CONTROLLED* (spectrum of activity)

* Country-specific differences may apply: read the product label.

RECOMMENDED DOSE

SHEEP

  • Dose Rate for Sheep: 2.5mL per 10kg bodyweight.
  • The heaviest sheep in a mob should be weighed. Dose the mob to the heaviest animal in each group (e.g. ewes, rams, lambs). Do not under-dose. Sheep in excess of 80kg should be treated at the rate of 2.5mL/10kg bodyweight.

CATTLE

  • Dose Rate for Cattle: 10mL per 45kg bodyweight.
  • Dose the mob to the heaviest animal in each group (e.g. cows, bulls, calves). Do not under-dose.
  • Cattle in excess of 675kg should be treated at the rate of 10mL per 45kg bodyweight.

Read the product label for additional details on product administration

SAFETY

  • LD50 (acute oral) in rats: 180 mg/kg (for the a.i.)
  • LD50 (acute dermal) in rats: n.a.

Suspected poisoning? Read the article on levamisole safety in this site.

Withholding periods (=withdrawal times)

  • Meat: AUS: 3 days
  • Milk: AUS: NIL

You may be interested in the following articles in this site dealing with the general safety of veterinary products:

RESISTANCE PREVENTION

Risk of resistance? LOW

Risk of resistance? YES, resistance of gastrointestinal roundworms to levamisole in ruminants is a serious and increasing problem, particularly in sheep and goats, but also in cattle. Levamisole resistance is usually less strong and widespread than resistance to benzimidazoles, but nevertheless a serious problem. The most affected worm species are:

This means that if this product does not achieve the expected efficacy against the mentioned parasites, it can be due to resistance and not to incorrect use, which is usually the most frequent cause of product failure.

Alternative chemical classes/active ingredients to prevent resistance of gastrointestinal roundworms through product rotation:

These alternative products may not be available in all countries, or may not be available as drenches, or may not be effective against all the concerned parasites.

It is highly recommended to periodically check the resistance status of each property performing appropriate tests (e.g. fecal egg counts) under supervision of a veterinary doctor. Such tests are now routinely available for most producers in developed countries.

Learn more about resistance and how it develops.

MARKETING

Are the active ingredients of this product ORIGINAL* or GENERICS**?

  • GENERICS

*Meaning that they are still patent protected and generics are not yet available
**Meaning that they have lost patent protection and may be acquired from manufacturers of generic active ingredients other than the holder of the original patent.

COUNTRIES where this brand/product is marketed: Australia
GENERIC BRANDS available? Yes, in most countries.

Click here to learn more about GENERIC vs. ORIGINAL drugs.

For an overview on the most used drench brands for livestock click here.

COMMENTS

This product is is a classic anthelmintic for sheep & Cattle from VETSENSE containing generic levamisole.

Levamisole is a veteran anthelmintic. It was introduced by JANSSEN already in the 1960s (NILVERM, RIPERCOL). It has a broad-spectrum of activity against roundworms (gastrointestinal and pulmonary) but no efficacy whatsoever against tapeworms and flukes. It is also completely ineffective against external parasites of livestock (ticks, flies, lice, mites, etc). Levamisole has been used massively worldwide in countless generic formulations for livestock. It still remains one of the most preferred low-cost anthelmintics for livestock worldwide. Usage in pets or horses is rather scarce. It is not used in agriculture.

As many other anthelmintics (e.g. benzimidazoles, monepantel, and tetrahydropyrimidines) levamisole administered as a drench has no residual effect, i.e. it kills the parasites shortly after administration, but does not significantly protect the animals against re-infestation by infective stages in their environment.

Thanks to its higher solubility in water levamisole is also available as a pour-on and as an injectable for livestock, but only in some countries.

Unfortunately, resistance of several gastrointestinal roundworms to levamisole is already very high and very frequent worldwide in sheep and goats, slightly lower in cattle, which has significantly reduced its usage in livestock. Nowadays more convenient pour-ons and injectables containing macrocyclic lactones (e.g. abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, moxidectin) are often preferred over drenches with levamisole or benzimidazoles. Macrocyclic lactones (ML) also ensure several weeks protection against re-infestation by several worm species, in contrast with levamisole or benzimidazole drenches that lack any residual effect. However, resistance of gastrontestinal worms to ML is alredy quite frequent in sheep and goats, less common in cattle but increaising.

In many countries levamisole is often used in combinations that broaden the spectrum of activity. Typical combinations for livestock include a flukicide (e.g. closantel, triclabendazole, etc.) or a taenicide (e.g. praziquantel). In some countries there are also mixtures of levamisole with other nematicides that have different mechanisms of action to try to overcome roundworm resistance.

In ruminants, reducing the amount of feed slows down the exit flow of the rumen and prolongs the time during which the active ingredient remains there and is absorbed. Consequently it is advisable to reduce the access of animals to feed (especially to fresh pasture, not to water) 24 hours before administration. For the same reason, it is better to keep the animals away from food for about 6 hours after drenching. However sick or weak animals should not be kept away from food and fasting animals should have access to water.

Click here for general information on good practices for the prevention and control of gastrointestinal worms in livestock.

DISCLAIMER

This article IS NOT A PRODUCT LABEL. It offers complementary information that may be useful to veterinary professionals and users that are not familiar with veterinary antiparasitics. 

Information offered in this article has been extracted from publications issued by manufacturers, government agencies (e.g. EMEA, FDA, USDA, etc.) or in the scientific literature. No guarantee is given on its accuracy, integrity, sufficiency, actuality and opportunity, and any liability is denied. Read the site's DISCLAIMER.

In case of doubt contact the manufacturer or a veterinary professional.

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